天山托木尔自然遗产地地理多样性价值评估与保护分区

Assessment of geodiversity values and protection zoning of Tomur natural heritage site

在系统分析托木尓自然遗产地地理多样性要素组成的基础上,运用ArcGIS空间叠加分析,划定地理多样性特征区,主要包括极高山、高山冰川和冰缘区、南坡中山区、南坡红层地貌区和北坡中山区;通过对已有研究和相关文献资料的分析,对地理多样性价值构成进行解析,采用层次分析法提出了地理多样性综合价值评估指标体系,确定了具有不同价值特征的地理多样性保护地级别,并对托木尓自然遗产地进行实证研究,提出地理多样性保护分区方法。

Natural heritages are precious and unrenewable treasures that have been handed down through generations by the nature.They are especially important to the protection of biodiversity,the maintaining of the ecological balance and the harmonious development of human and environment.However,the protection of natural heritage sites mainly focuses on biodiversity and landscape nowadays.Important features that could reflect the evolution history of the earth have been damaged beyond retrieve under the effect of expansive human activities,together with the relatively less research on the protection of geodiversity of natural heritage sites.As a counterpart concept of biodiversity,geodiversity provides scientific fundamental to the geological conservation of natural heritages sites.It has been widely accepted that the geodiversity of natural heritage sites has important scientific values,functional values and aesthetic values and so on.Based on the systematic analysis of the geodiversity elements,four geodiversity areas of the Tomur natural heritage site were recognized,including glacier and periglacial area of the high and extremely high mountains,red bed topography area and medium-mountain area on the south slope and medium-mountain area on the north slope of Tomur Peak,using the spatial overlay analysis of the ArcGIS working environment.In reference to the analysis of existed studies,the composition of the geodiversity values were identified,and subsequently the assessment index system of the integrated values of geodiversity was constructed.The index system is composed of six elements,and subordinately including 18 indexes,which were used to evaluate the natural attributes,scientific values and functional values,aesthetic values,economic values and cultural values of the geodiversity of natural heritage site respectively.After that the rating system of geodiversity conservation areas with different values was defined.The area with a score between 8 and 10 belongs to protected area I,which has intact and the most typical geodiversity features and can only be used for scientific study and environmental monitoring.And areas with a score of 6-8,5-6,3-5 and 1-3 can be classified into protected area II,III,IV and V accordingly.Finally,the author carried out empirical study on the Tomur natural heritage site.It has been concluded as follows:(1) the glacier and periglacial area belongs to protected area I,in which any kind of human activities are forbidden;(2) the red bed topography area belongs to protected area II,in which human activities are controlled,and undamaging activities such as tourism and education are allowed;(3) the medium-mountain areas on the south and north slope both can be classified into protected area III,in which the exploitation of minerals and collection of construction materials with limited scale are permitted.