阿图什市城市化过程的大气环境污染效应

Urbanization and its effect on air pollution in Atux City

以典型的干旱区绿洲城市阿图什市为例,借助国内外城市化与大气环境污染方面的研究成果,分别选取7个城市化指标和4个大气环境污染指标,应用阿图什市1990-2008年的城市化与大气环境污染数据,计算各指标综合指数,建立城市化与大气环境污染的关系模型,分析阿图什市1990-2008年城市化过程的大气环境污染效应。分析结果表明,阿图什市1990-2008年城市化发展速度快,城市化综合指数呈现非线性增长趋势;阿图什市大气环境污染物质浓度的波动性变化比较显著,但还是以总悬浮微粒为主,阿图什市1990-2008年大气环境污染综合指数呈现倒"U"型变化趋势;利用1990-2008年阿图什市的时间序列数据,通过计算城市化综合指数与大气环境污染综合指数,构建三次多项式模型进行城市化与大气环境污染之间相互关系的分析发现,阿图什市1990-2008年城市化与大气环境污染之间的关系拟合曲线不符合环境库兹涅茨倒"U"型曲线,而呈现出环境库兹涅茨倒"U"型曲线的特殊格式"N"型曲线关系,揭示干旱区城市化过程中的大气环境污染效应。通过完善公共交通体系,加强建筑施工管理,改善城市绿化系统以及推进新技术等方式解决城市化带来的大气环境污染问题。

Urbanization is a necessary precondition to industrialization and eradication of poverty.Being a vital criterion of assessing a nation's or a particular region's modernization level,it has been accelerated all over the world in the 21st century.Urbanization not only can increase the speed of regional modernization,but also has some effects on eco-environment.Therefore,many scholars have paid more and more attention to urbanization phenomenon since the end of last century and the close relationship between urbanization and eco-environment has been emphasized by a number of studies.With the assist of theories and research findings put forward by both home and foreign scholars,this paper analyses the urbanization process and its effect on air pollution in Atux City,Xinjiang,which is a typical oasis City in arid land,by selecting 7 urbanization indices and 4 air pollution indices and constructing their relationship model.The results show as follows:(1) Atux City has been experienced rapid urbanization since the economic reforms in 1978,especially during 1990-2008.Urbanization level of Atux City was increased almost 10 points in this 18 years.During this period,the integrated index of urbanization in Atux City shows an increasing trend;(2) During 1990-2008,concentration of pollutants such as SO2,nitrogen oxides,TSP and dust in Atux City shows a fluctuating trend,however TSP is the main pollution component.The integrated index of air pollution shows an inverted U-shaped changing tendency.(3) We construct cubic polynomial model of the relationship between urbanization and air pollution in Atux City by using time serial data during 1990-2008,and find that the imitation curve of urbanization and air pollution in Atux City shows a not inverted U-shaped relationship,with being an N-shaped relationship.We believe that air pollution phenomenon caused by rapid urbanization in Atux City can be resolved through improving the public transport system,strengthening construction management,improving urban green system and promoting new technologies.