历史时期关中地区都城迁移的资源环境驱动力分析

Resources and environment driving forces of ancient capital migration in Guanzhong area

关中地区是中华文明的重要发源地,也是当前引领和辐射西北地区快速发展、落实西部大开发战略的重要区域。借助历史文献资料、孢粉和土壤剖面等分析的相关结论,从以气候、水、土三大要素为主导的资源环境状况演变的角度,对西周至唐朝灭亡这段历史时期内(公元前1059-705年),我国关中地区都城的迁移历史及其资源环境驱动力进行系统分析,并结合当前关中地区面临的任务和挑战对其未来发展提出了建议。主要结论为:(1)以水、土、热为主导的资源环境变迁是城市迁移的重要驱动力。西周至唐宋时期,关中地区都城迁移的重要原因在于其"内外交困"的资源环境基础。(2)在关中地区未来的开发建设中,应高度重视区域水、土资源,尤其是水资源的保护与合理开发,提高资源利用效率,加强生态环境建设,发展低碳经济,构建节水、高效和防污的社会经济发展模式。

Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province is not only an important birthplace of Chinese civilization,but also is the coring area leading the Northwest's rapid development and implementing the strategy of western development currently.With some relevant conclusions of historical documentation,pollen and soil profile analyses,from the view point of resources and environment foundation evolution,taking climate,water and soil as three major elements,this paper takes systematic analyses of the capital migration history and its resources and environmental driving forces in Guanzhong area,from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty(BC 1059-705).The goal of this work is to investigate laws and characteristics of man-land relationship evolution when human capacity of exploiting and utilizing natural resources is weak.Then,considering the current tasks and challenges faced by Guanzhong area,this paper proposes some recommendations for its future development.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) resource and environment evolution,which is taking water,soil and heat as three major elements,is an important driver for urban migration.Except political reasons,during the period from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties,the important cause for capital migration in Guanzhong area lies in its resources and environment foundation evolution,which is weak inside and lacking strong supply support outside.That is,under the circumstance of climate becoming drought,and land productivity reducing,on the one hand,because of large-scale population concentration and inappropriate resource development behavior,water and soil resources and environment elements in or near Guanzhong area,such as forests,grasslands,rivers and so on,were all facing intense pressure;on the other hand,reduced precipitation,soil erosion and other factors caused by the interruption of the Weihe River shipping,so capitals in Guanzhong area lost their stable external material supply.(2) In the future development of Guanzhong area,more attention should be paid to the protection and construction of regional water and soil resources and environment foundation,especially the protection and rational development of water resources.Resource use efficiency should be improved,ecological environment construction should be strengthened,and low-carbon economy should be developed actively.A new socio-economic development model should be built in Guanzhong area,which is water-saving,efficient and less contaminative.So Guanzhong area could not only develop itself rapidly and harmoniously,but also lead entire Northwest develop sustainably.