海岛矿山生态修复边坡植物多样性分析

Plant Diversity Analysis on Repaired Side-slope of Mine in Islands

通过对舟山市16个修复边坡进行植被恢复状况的调查,分析了其边坡植物的多样性。结果表明:恢复时间较长、矿区的土壤基质良好,水分条件充足,矿区周围原生植被较好的地点植被恢复后的植物种类丰富度较高。舟山市边坡复绿植物种类较多,其中种数最多的是禾本科,其次是豆科、菊科、木犀科、蔷薇科、山茶科、樟科、苦木科。从群落组成结构看,主要形成了以马棘、紫穗槐等灌木为优势种的乔灌草植物群落结构。草本、木本植物的均匀度都较高,木本植物的多样性和丰富度较草本的高。结合植被调查和植物多样性分析的结果,针对海岛特殊的气候环境提出了海岛边坡修复植物选择原则,同时,类比与海岛边坡类似条件下生长良好的植物,建立了几种植物配置模式,为同类型的边坡绿化植物的选择提供参考。

This paper analysed the plant diversity of slopes after vegetation restoration.The results showed that the mine areas with good soil,enough water and native vegetation,had higher species richness of plants after long-time vegetation restoration.There were many greening plants in Zhoushan,of which Gramineae was the leading family,followed by Leguminosae,Compositae,Oleaceae,Rosaceae,Theaceae and Lauraceae.The structure of plant community had three levels including tree,shrub,herbaceous layers,Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum and Amorpha fruticosa were the dominant species.Both herbaceous plant and woody plant showed high evenness indexes,however,the diversity and richness indexes of woody plants were higher than that of herbaceous plants.According to vegetation survey and plant diversity analysis,the plant-selection principle for side-slope repair in islands was made,and plants which grew well under similar conditions were also advised.At last,some plant disposition patterns were proposed for future references.