七种藤本绿化植物叶解剖结构与抗旱性研究

Study on Leaf Anatomical Characteristics and Drought Resistance of the Seven Greening Lianas

通过石蜡切片和指甲油印迹法,对北京地区常见的小叶扶芳藤、金银花、紫藤、美国凌霄、五叶地锦、南蛇藤、山荞麦等7种藤本绿化植物叶片的解剖结构和气孔特征进行研究。结果表明:7种藤本植物叶结构属于中生植物范畴,叶片为异面叶,叶解剖结构和气孔特征等19个间指标差异均达到极显著水平,其中表皮厚度、角质层厚度和海绵组织细胞宽度、气孔密度和气孔长径是对干旱较为灵敏的解剖性状,种间差异可以达到4～9倍。利用主成分分析发现根据抗旱能力可将7种藤本植物分为4类:小叶扶芳藤单独为抗旱性最强的1类,其次是由金银花、紫藤和美国凌霄组成的第2类,五叶地锦和南蛇藤为第3类,抗旱能力稍弱,抗旱能力最差是山荞麦。

The leaf anatomical structure and stomata characteristics of the seven lianas were observed with paraffin sectioning method and nail oil seal.The results showed that the mesophyte leaf form of the seven lianas there were very significant differences in leaf anatomical characteristics,and all of leafs were bifacial.Some of the nineteen leaf anatomical indicators were very sensitive traits for drought resistance,they included thickness of epidermis,cuticle thickness of epidermis,width of spongy tissue cells,stomatal density and stomatal long diameter,whose difference was between 4 and 9.According to principal component analysis,the seven lianas were divided into three groups which was gradually small for drought resistance,the first group only insisted of Euonymus ortunei var.microphyllus;the second for Lonicera japonica,Wisteria sinensis and Campsis radicans;the third for Celastrus orbiculatus and Parthenocissus quinquefolia;the last for Polygonum aubertii.