论中国古典园林中的“虚”与“实”

On Void and Solid in Traditional Chinese Garden Art

"虚"与"实"是一对既抽象又概括的范畴,大凡艺术创作,都要讲求虚实关系的处理。虚实相生是中国古典美学的重要原则,也是中国古典园林艺术的精髓。园林空间的处理、园林意境的创造皆具有虚中有实、实中有虚的特征。"虚"可以说就是"无"、"空",或者说就是空间、虚景、联想;"实"也可以说就是"有",或者说就是形象、景物。在中国园林艺术创作过程中非常重视化景物为情思、化实景为虚境,以达到情景交融的高潮。

Void and solid are two abstract and general concepts,whose relationship requires proper treatment.The interpromotion of void and solid is an important principle in Chinese classic aesthetics and the essence of Chinese traditional garden art.In garden construction,both the handling of the space and the creating of the artistic conception involve the interpromotion of void and solid in which the former refers to space and association,while the latter refers to image and scenery.It is held that in the creation of Chinese garden art,imagination and association are often embodied in still life and real scene so as to reach the perfection of feeling-scene blending.