生态脆弱地区生态农业模式的参与式发展研究与实践——以民勤县绿洲边缘区为例

Participatory development on eco-agricultural model in ecologically vulnerable area: a case of Minqin Oasis fringe area

生态环境恶化问题在民勤县绿洲边缘区表现尤为突出。通过实证研究发现传统的生态扶贫模式难以在当地奏效。科研机构基于社区原有的生态农业模式,引入问卷调查、关键人物访谈等参与式方法,将定性和定量相结合,提出了生态农业模式的参与式发展战略。新型综合扶贫模式不仅保证了生态农业模式的顺利实施、而且创造产值3.16×108元,是等面积粮经种植产值的1.44倍,抵抗自然灾害和市场风险能力大大增强;同比节水0.19×108m3,生态用水比例得到极大提高;社区具备自我发展能力和生计改善能力,综合评估满意度为90.13%,85.9%的农户对其未来发展充满信心,综合效益达到最好,适宜在民勤绿洲边缘区推广。

Minqin County is a typical example of ecological deterioration,especially in Minqin oasis fringe area,Gansu Porvince,China,environmental deterioration is a very serious problem.With an empirical research,the paper found that local traditional agricultural production model is not adapted to local ecological environment changes;environmental changes have been bottlenecks in local farmers' production and livelihood,and which restricted local economic development indirectly.Traditional poverty alleviation models,which have been implemented by local government,civil groups and social groups were hard to take effect in local community because of paying attention to ecological benefits too much,ignoring farmers' livelihood development,lacking sustainable development ideas.Scientific and research institutes put forward participatory development strategy of eco-agricultural model,which was based on local community original eco-agricultural model,introduced new research methods to get primary data such as: Questionnaire Survey,Key-informant interview,combined qualitative and quantitative studies,also which was a coordinated development road combined ecological protection,economic development and farmers' income security simultaneously.In this paper,participatory development process of eco-agricultural model was taken as mainline in a creative way,the process was as follows: setting up community group,identified community needs,planning design and practice,implementation and management,monitoring and evaluation,management of sustainable development.This paper made use of participatory approach,accorded to primary data and information to contrastive analyze ecological benefits,economic benefits and social benefits between eco-agricultural model and traditional agricultural model,and then coming to the conclusion: the implementation of new type ecological poverty alleviation model would make local agricultural structure adjust reasonably,farmers' production and business model would change to adapt to local environmental changes,and pledged the implementation of eco-agricultural model smoothly.Putting the eco-agricultural model into practice would create output value of 316 million RMB,the output value was 1.44 times of identical areas planting grains and economic crops' output,and resistance to natural disasters and market risks' ability got strengthened;compared with traditional planting model,which saved water 19 million cubic meters,which was equal to 3.73 percent of total water requirement of the whole Minqin County,the proportion of ecological water usage got improved greatly;the all year round vegetation coverage got greatly increased,the days of gale wind per year got decreased,the push speed of sandstorm slowed down,ecological environment got improved;local community had self-development and livelihood improvement capabilities,farmers' labor intensity got relieved,community comprehensive evaluation satisfaction for eco-agricultural model was 90.13 %,85.9 % of local farmers were full of confidence for eco-agricultural model future development;meanwhile,working methods of cooperation partners in every layer had changed,working ideas had updated,working capabilities had improved,and reached harmonious development among population,resources,environment and economics.Also farmers could achieve survival well in security locally,which provided enough labor resources for local ecological construction.So the comprehensive efficiency of eco-agricultural model was higher than that of traditional agricultural model.Therefore the eco-agricultural model was suitable for popularizing in Minqin oasis fringe area.