流域人地关系地域系统研究进展

Research progress on man-earth areal system in river basin

随着人类对流域内各种资源开发强度的增大,流域内人地矛盾日益突出,对流域人地系统的研究成为焦点问题,系统总结了当前国内外流域人地系统研究在理论、观点、方法与实践等方面取得的最新进展,指出了当前该领域研究的薄弱环节,并展望了未来主要的研究方向。研究认为,国际学者普遍关注流域发展规划与管理的研究,研究内容涉及流域发展规划和管理的起源、类型、管理的目的、面临的问题、流域环境系统规划等多个方面,这也引起了我国学者对流域治理的关注;同时,国内外许多学者在流域人地系统相互作用的过程模拟和情景分析和流域人地关系地域系统作用机理方面也进行了一定的研究;在研究方法上,主成分分析法、灰色关联分析、协调度模型、综合评价指标模型、系统动力学模型、地理信息系统、决策支持系统等定量分析手段已经应用于国内外流域人地关系地域系统的研究。但是,当前的研究普遍缺乏流域人地系统结构演变的综合性研究,缺乏自然因子和人文因子耦合机制和模型研究,缺乏规律总结性研究,缺少定量分析和动态分析,缺乏对不同情景下流域人与地相互作用过程的模拟和预测。因此,未来流域人地系统的研究应加强多学科融合,加强流域人地相互作用机理的研究,注重新技术方法的应用与动态仿真模拟。

With various resources developed by human-beings in river basin and the conflict between human and land became increased,it is important to study on man-earth areal system in river basin.This paper reviewed the domestic and international research progress on the theories,ideas,methods and practices of the research of man-earth areal system in river basin.The author pointed out the weak side of this research field at present,and prospected the main research directions in the future.These studies showed that it is general for international scholars to pay close attention to the research of planning and management of basin development.The main contents involve the origin,type,management objective,problems of planning and management of river basin development,and which also caused Chinese scholars to concern watershed management.International scholars and domestic scholars also studied on the process simulation and scene analysis on the interaction of man-earth areal system in river basin,including historical analysis and dynamic monitoring,situational analysis of man-earth areal system in river basin.Meanwhile,the research on mechanism between human and land of man-earth areal system in river basin was developed,including basic theory of man-earth areal system in river basin,difference in different types of man-earth interaction in river basin.The quantitative analytical methods,such as principal component analysis,gray relational analysis,coordination model,comprehensive evaluation index model,system dynamics model,were generally adopted to appraise man-land relationship areal system in river basin,.Geographic information system and decision support system have also been applied in the research on man-earth areal system in river basin.Although a series of theories related to the research on the man-earth areal system in river basin have emerged recently,there are a lot of weak points which should attract our attention.For example,theoretical studies and approach applications are still insufficient,and the research system is still not formed.Current research is generally lack of the comprehensive study of the structure evolution,the studies on the coupling mechanism and model of the factors between nature and human,summarized principle researches,quantitative analysis,dynamic analysis and the process of simulation and prediction in different scenarios of man-earth relationship in river basin.The future research on man-earth areal system in river basin should strengthen the multi-disciplinary integration,the mechanism of interaction of man and earth in river basin,the enrichment of research approaches and the application of new technical method and the dynamic simulation.