喀尔里克山冰川资源近50a来的变化及保护对策

Changes of glacier resource in Karlik Mountain in the last 50 years and the measures of protection

利用1971-1972年航拍调绘地形图、1992年8月l5日Landsat TM、2001年9月17日Landsat ETM+和2006年8月22日Landsat TM影像数据,并以中国科学院高山冰雪利用研究队1959年对天山现代冰川所作的首次编目登记数据为参考值,分析了喀尔里克山冰川资源近50 a来的变化。结果表明,这期间喀尔里克山冰川面积缩小了29.80%,年均减少速率0.91 km2/a。而且,1959-2001年喀尔里克山冰川退缩明显,减少率增加;2001-2006年冰川面积的缩减趋于缓和。综合实地调查资料和近50 a的气象数据及前人钻探成果,认为20世纪80～90年代冰川加速退缩是持续升温的气候背景上叠加了人为影响。根据喀尔里克山冰川近50 a来的变化特征和查明的影响因素,提出了该地区冰川资源保护的对策。

According to topographic maps by aerial photographs in 1971 to 1972 and satellite images of Landsat TM(15 Aug,1992;22 Aug,2006) and Landsat ETM+(17 Sep,2001),using registered data of modern glacier inventory in Tianshan Mountains in 1959 as a reference,we analyzed the changes of glacier resources in Karlik Mountain in the last 50 years.The results show that the glacial area in Karlik Mountain reduced by 29.80% and the mean rate of glacial shrinkage was 0.91 km2/a in the last 50 years.The significant decrease of the glacial area took place in the period 1959-2001,with an increase of the glacial shrinkage,and then the decrease of the glacial area became slow from 2001 to 2006.By analyzing the meteorological data of about 50 years in the region,the results of the glacier drilling and our field investigation,we think that a rapid shrinkage of the glaciers resulted from the continuous rising of temperature and the effect of human activities in 1980s and 1990s.Based on the features of the glacial changes in Karlik Mountain and its effects on the environments,we put forward some practical measures for the glacier resource protection in this region.As a sector of the low-carbon economy,tourism in the glacier region should be stressed on the northern slope of Karlik Mountain.However,the protection of the glaciers should be strictly enforced for the period of development.Because the glaciers are important water resources in arid regions,the rules and regulations on water resource protection should be obeyed.And damaging natural morphology of glaciers for some economic purposes should be prevented,and the energy structure should be changed in the periphery of Karlik Mountain,in order to reduce resources of air pollution.