资本积累和劳动力转移驱动下开放型经济发展的环境效应

Environmental Effects of Open Economy Development Driven by Capital Accumulation and Labor Transference

本文在在Copeland和Taylor(2009)理论模型的基础上,根据Grossman和Krueger(1993)的分析方法,将可能导致环境污染发生变化的根本性因素分解为规模效应、结构效应和技术效应。将工业行业分为劳动密集型和资本密集型,运用我国13个工业行业的面板数据,实证分析了资本积累和劳动力转移驱动下我国开放型经济发展的环境结构效应。研究结果表明,我国开放型经济发展是符合雷布津斯基定理推论的。资本投入的不断增加是我国碳排放规模上升的主要原因;劳动力转移在促进劳动密集型产业扩张的同时,扩大了我国的出口规模,但并没有造成我国CO2排放规模的扩大;外资的引进对不同行业碳排放的影响存在较大的差异,在资本密集型行业技术效应更加显著,而劳动力密集型行业的规模效应则较显著。

This article is based on the theoretical model of Copeland and Taylor(2009),and uses the analysis method of Grossman and Krueger(1993).It decomposes the funda-mental factors which lead to the changes of environmental pollution into scale effect,structural effect and technical effect.It also uses panel data of China’s 13 industrial sectors to do empirical analysis on environmental structure effect of open economy development which driven by capital accumulation and labor transference.The results show that:(1)the main reason for the rising scale of carbon emissions is the increasing of capital investment;(2)there is a big difference among the impact on different sectors for the introduction of foreign capital;(3)The direction of structure effect ultimately depends on the country’s comparative advantage.Our country has a comparative advantage in labor resources.Labor transference is promoting the expansion of labor-intensive industries,while expanding the scale of China's exports,but does not cause the expansion of our carbon emissions.There-fore,the open economy development and environmental protection are not mutually exclu-sive.