摘要
离子液体由于具有特殊的性质,包括挥发性低、极性大、良好的热稳定性、通过调整阴阳离子选择不同的溶解性等特点,已经作为反应介质或催化剂广泛应用于有机合成领域,引起了人们足够的兴趣。与传统有机溶剂反应相比,离子液体相反应得到的产物收率高,选择性好,加快部分类型反应的速率,后处理简单以及离子液体催化剂体系简单,回收后,可多次重复使用。本文综述了离子液体作为反应介质或催化剂在有机合成传统反应类型中的最新研究成果,主要包括:氧化还原反应、Beckmann重排反应、偶联反应、Diels-Alder反应、氢甲酰化反应、Knoevenagel缩合、烷基化及Blanc氯甲基化反应。
Ionic liquids,with their unique properties,including low volatility,high polarity,good thermal stability over a wide temperature range and selective dissolving capacity by a proper choice of cations or anions,have attracted increasing interest in the organic transformations as reactioin medium as well as catalyst.Compared with traditional organic solvents,ionic liquids have great advantages in obtaining products with high isolated yields and good to excellent selectivities,accelerationg reaction rate in some cases,ease of work-up,as well as recycling use with or without catalysts after simply recoveration.This paper reviews the advanced progress in the application of ionic liquids as reaction medium as well as catalysts to organic synthesis,mainly including oxidation and reduction reaction,Beckmann rearrangement reaction,coupling reaction,Diels-Alder reaction,hydroformylation,Knoevenagel condensation,alkylation reaction and Blanc chlorine methylation reaction,etc.
关键词
离子液体
有机合成
循环使用
ionic liquids
organic synthesis
recycling use
