航天运载器力学环境工程技术发展回顾及展望

A review of studies on dynamic environments of launch vehicles

近50年来,航天科技工作者对运载器发射飞行过程中的力学环境的认识逐步深入,带动了相关基础理论、预示方法、分析工具、试验技术和试验设备的不断发展。随着航天技术的快速发展,对运载器等的设计要求越来越高,火箭经受的力学环境也越来越恶劣,火箭力学环境预示与试验技术研究的迫切性日益突出。文章综合分析了力学环境预示与试验技术领域的研究发展状况,重点总结了北京强度环境研究所50年来为解决航天工程中的诸多力学环境问题所做的具体工作。最后,结合新时期航天项目的工程需求,提出了今后在航天运载器力学环境预示与试验技术研究领域的主要研究方向。

In the recent 50 years, scientists have accumulated quite a good knowledge on the launching dynamic environment, and developed related basic theories, prediction methods, analysis tools, test technology and test facilities. Due to the requirement both for speedy development and high-level design of the launch vehicle, the importance of the launch vehicle dynamic environment prediction analysis and test technologies is well recognized. The researches on the launch vehicle dynamic environment prediction and test technology are reviewed in this paper. Beijing Institute of Structure & Environment has carried out studies on many dynamic environment problems of space engineering. According to the new requirement of the domestic space engineering, the main research directions in the launch vehicle dynamic environment prediction and test technologies are discussed.