语用学在中国20年综述

A Review of the Twenty Years' Development of Pragmatics in China

20世纪80年代以来,语用学在中国发展异常迅速,成为外语界和汉语界共同关注的焦点。外语界主要引介国外的微观语用学,研究的方向包括:(1)言语行为、(2)会话含义、(3)关联理论、(4)会话分析、(5)指示、(6)预设、(7)礼貌现象、(8)语用法的规约化和语法化、(9)语用学和外语教学。汉语界更多关注从语用角度研究语法现象,探讨与语法有关的非语言因素,对语用的理解要比外语界更为宽泛。除了传统的微观语用学以外,他们还研究话语分析、功能语法和认知语法等。从整体上看,国内的语用研究存在两个问题:一是对语用研究的认识论和方法论问题研究不多,二是对国外语用学的最新发展关注不够,如宏观语用学。

Introduced into China since 1980s, pragmatics has undergone a robust development in China, and has been a focus of attention for both foreign language and Chinese language circles. The foreign language researchers mainly work on what can be called'micro-pragmatics', subsuming topics like speech acts, conversational implicature, relevance theory, deixis and presupposition. The Chinese language researchers are more interested in the perspective that pragmatics affords for the study of grammatical and semantic phenomena in Chinese. In addition to micro-pragmatics, they also work on topics as regards discourse analysis, functional grammar and cognitive grammar. Generally speaking, pragmatic research in China tends to follow the development abroad and therefore lacks originality in methodology.