构建社会学理论的哲学方法论

The Philosophical Methodology of Setting up Sociological Theories

唯物史观作为一种科学的、完备的社会认识论,为社会学理论的构建提供了合理的逻辑前提。具体而言,构建社会学理论的逻辑起点在于人的问题和人与社会的关系问题,前者是社会学的中心问题,因为人是社会学研究的出发点,人的本质是社会学研究的"中轴",社会学研究的直接对象是具体的历史的人;后者是社会学的基本问题,人与社会的关系实质上是一种辩证统一的关系,这要求在方法论上必须从人与社会相统一、主体与客体相统一、个体与整体相统一的层面进行社会学研究。此外,构建社会学理论还应遵循历史与逻辑相统一、具体与抽象相统一、事实与价值相统一的逻辑原则。

As a kind of scientific and complete social epistemology, materialistic conception of history provides the reasonable logic premise for the sociology theories to be set up. Definitely, the logic starting point of setting up the sociology theories exists in the problems of Men and the problems of relation between individual and society. The former are the core problem of sociology. The reasons are that Men is the starting point of sociology study and the essence of Men is the core of sociology study. What's more, the direct object of sociology study is concrete and historical man. The latter are the basic problem of sociology and the relation between individual and society substantially is a kind of dialectical and unite relation, which requires carrying on sociology study from the methodology that concerns inter-unifying between individual and society, inter-unifying between subject and object and inter-unifying between individual and entirety.