从量子力学到鲍林的共振论:科学思想的传播与进化

From quantum mechanics to Pauling's theory of resonance: promulgation and evolution of scientific ideas

20世纪初期量子学说的形成和传播,导致了玻尔—索末菲原子模型的形成。但新量子力学的兴起却导致了玻尔—索末菲原子模型的破产和薛定谔原子模型的形成。鲍林一开始就意识到量子力学对于化学的重要性,在海森堡、海特勒和伦敦的研究基础上,他不仅创造性地提出了共振论,而且使之得到了有效的传播。通过对量子力学和共振论进行历史分析,可以发现,科学思想在传播过程中发生了一系列不同程度的进化,化学翻译者鲍林是量子力学通向化学的桥梁。鲍林的研究方法和传播策略具有重要的历史意义和现实意义。

In the early 20th century, the formation and promulgation of quantum theory led to the formation of Bohr-Summerfield atomic model. However, the rising of new quantum mechanics resulted in the bankruptcy of Bohr-Summerfield atomic model and the formation of Schr dinger's atomic model. Pauling paid more attention to the importance of quantum mechanics to chemistry from the beginning. On the basis of the research work of Heisenberg, Heitler and London, he put forward the creative theory of resonance and promulgated it to the best effect. By analyzing the history of quantum mechanics and theory of resonance, it is found that there are a series of evolutions of scientific ideas in the process of their promulgations. Pauling was the bridge between quantum mechanics and chemistry. His researching methods and promulgating strategies have significance in terms of both historical and practical senses.