从科学哲学角度谈科学的文化价值

Cultural values of science from the perspective of scientific philosophy

在科学哲学的历史上,对科学的文化价值的论述存在两种对立的观点,即实证主义文化观与人文主义文化观的对立。这两种观点从不同的角度阐释了科学的文化特征,但各有偏颇。科学作为一种人类的活动,不应把科学看做是一种纯粹"客观的"、"中性的"与人无关的东西,也不应该过分强调科学的人文价值,把科学消解于人文文化中,应该从"人类活动"、"人类需要"去理解全部科学,在其内部同时蕴涵着认识价值与人文价值。

In the history of philosophy of science, there have been two opposite opinions towards the cultural values of science. One is positivism' and the other is humanism'. They provide explanations of the cultural characteristics of science from different perspectives. This paper makes an analysis of the cultural values of science from the perspective of scientific philosophy. It points out that science is a kind of human activity, rather than a purely objective and neutral activity that is irrelevant to humans. It also points out that it is not proper to excessively emphasize the human values in science and merge science into human culture. When science is understood in terms of human activity and human need, it is easy to realize the cognitive value and human value of science.