罗马法人格小减等制度——依然争议的学说

A Research on Capitis Deminutio Minima

人格减等是一个罗马法的特有制度,是罗马法研究中经久不衰的课题。早期的罗马法原始文献几乎不涉及人格减等问题,但稍晚罗马法学家以极大的热情对人格减等进行研究,但除人格大减等、人格中减等的起源和性质几已达成共识外,人格小减等仍众说纷纭。有必要通过简要阐述西方学界的关于此问题的重要学说,以澄清国内的一些误会认识,为进一步研究奠定文献上的基础。

Capiíts deminutio is the loss of or change in civil rights.As a particular institution,it features in almost all the treatises of Roman Law,and has served as a long-lasting topic in studies of Roman Law.In the near century,many famous scholars have put their best efforts to study this theme,while there is agreement about the values of the so-called maxima and media,there are marked discrepancies about capitis deminulio minima.This paper aims at explaining some key theories on this question in western academic circle to clarify some misunderstandings in our country,and returning to the sources and examining them as exhaustively as possible.The author trusts that the elimination of spurious facts and interpretations will open the study of this important matter to further scholarly work.