论行政公开原则在行政调查中的正当适用

On the Proper Application of Administration Openness Principle in Administrative Investigation

公开是行政程序的基本要求。行政调查作为行政行为的必经程序,必须遵守行政公开原则的要求。然而,行政公开并非绝对。为了保障法律实施、实现利益平衡及行政管理目标,在行政调查中行政公开原则可以被合理限制,允许不公开调查的存在。当然,不公开调查必须满足实体上目的正当、效益满足,程序上排除替代、权利弥补等正当性条件才能被认可。同时,不公开调查存在被行政主体滥用的风险,必须加以严格监控,防止其对行政相对人造成不当侵害。

The openness is the basic requirement for administrative procedures.As a necessary procedure of administrative action,administrative investigation must comply with the requirements of the administrative openness principle.However,the principle is not absolute.In order to assure the enforcement of law,to achieve a balance of interests and realize administrative goals,the principle of openness can be limited reasonably in the administrative investigation.Non-open investigation's existence should be allowed.Of course,a non-open administrative investigation can be accepted only if it meets the qualifications that having legitimate purpose and being efficient on substance,having no alternative way and making the rights be compensated on procedure.At the same time,there is a big risk that non-open investigation could be abused by the administrative subject,it must be kept under strict surveillance to prevent its undue infringement to administrative counterparts.