我国商事主体登记制度相关立法检讨——以立法目的为理论尺度

On Legislation on Commercial Subject Registration:From the Angle of Legislative Purpose

商事主体登记制度的立法目的在于:就登记主体而言,其为登记主体公示经营身份、确立自身商誉的必要手段,是其维护合法地位、保障正常经营的必要方式;就交易相对人而言,其为保护交易第三人合法权益的重要基础和必要制度,为保护市场交易安全及社会公众利益的制度保障;就国家而言,其为国家对商事主体进行法律规制和行政管理的基本途径和重要制度,为其履行宏观调控等经济职能的辅助手段。以此为理论尺度,我国商事主体登记制度相关立法在立法形式、立法内容、程序建构等方面存在诸多缺陷。有鉴于此,我国商事主体登记制度宜采统一商事登记立法模式,主体资格与经营资格相分离的立法模式,形式审查立法模式、登记机关责任立法模式及司法监督立法模式。

The legislative purposes of business registration lie in the following aspects:for the nation,business registration is the prerequisite and medium for legal adjustment of commercial entities and their commercial acts,is a major policy for political administration of commercial entities,is a necessary assistant tool for econo-my functions such as macro economy control and so on; for the registered entity,business registration is a neces-sary tool to publicize its business identity and set up its business reputation; it is necessary to protect its legal status and guarantee its normal operation; for the third party,business registration is the important basis and necessary policy to protect its legal rights,also the institutional protection of safety of market transactions and social public benefits.The present legislation for business registration has the following major problems in terms of legislative forms,legislative content and procedure structure.The proposals on future legislation for business registration include:establishing a uniform pattern for business registration legislation,establishing separate registration systems for entity qualification and operation qualification; setting up a mode of formal examination; working out a responsibility system for the registration institutes and staff.