60岁民航航线飞行员双重任务能力及一年追踪研究

dual-task ability of the airline pilots at age 60 and one year longitudinal study

目的 研究60岁民航航线飞行员的认知能力状况,并进行1年的追踪观察,探讨老年航线飞行员认知能力的发展变化规律. 方法 52名60岁民航航线飞行员,在计算机上完成双重任务认知能力测试,包括单项心算4数连加任务、单项模拟飞行姿态控制任务和两者复合的双重任务.同时通过将60岁组航线飞行员各项指标的成绩与31～39岁组、40～49岁组、50～59岁组的航线飞行员进行均数差异比较,观察年龄因素的影响.以配对t检验的方法将26名航线飞行员1年前后双重任务测试成绩进行对比,检验其认知能力的变化. 结果 各项认知指标均存在明显的年龄效应(f=2.98～13.47,p＜0.05),但60岁组民航航线飞行员的认知能力仅与31～39岁组飞行员的差异有统计学意义(t—2.33～7.46,p＜0.01或p＜0.05),而与其他年龄组在绝大多数指标上的差异均没有统计学意义(p＞0.05).动态观察26名航线飞行员1年前后认知能力的变化,其双重任务的认知能力并没有出现衰减. 结论 横向比较和动态追踪的研究结果均支持60岁并非航线飞行员认知功能急剧衰减的转折点.本研究为特殊职业退休政策的制定提供一定的参考依据.

objective to observe the variation of airline pilot's cognitive ability at age 60 by dual-task test and to analyze the results upon one year longitudinal study in order to investigate the dynamic changes on the cognitive function of civil airline pilots older than 60 years old. methods fifty-two airline pilots at age 60 were tested by computer generated tasks,including mental arithmetic of 4-figure consecutive addition and computer simulated flying attitude control task,as well as the dual-task which was composed by above two.the aging effect was explored by comparing the results with that of other age group airline pilots (31-39 age group,40-49 age group and 50-59 age group).paired t test was used to compare twenty-six pilots' cognitive ability based on one year longitudinal study in order to obtain the dynamic changes. results there was significant aging effect on every task indexes (f=2.98-13.47,p＜0.05).the cognitive ability of the pilots at age 60 had significant difference with that of tbe 31-39 years age group,(t=2.33-7.46,p＜0.01 or p＜0.05),but with that of other groups (p＞ 0.05). the one year longitudinal study results showed that there was no significant decline on cognitive ability as performing dual task. conclusions the results of age comparison and longitudinal study indicate that 60 years old is not the break where the dual-task ability significantly decayed and imply the airline pilot's cognitive ability varied insignificantly at that age.results of study would be suggestive to the retirement policy of airline pilots.