魏晋南北朝时期的民间秩序结构

Structure of Folk Order in the Period of Wei-Jin and Northern-Southern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期,国家政权衰微,民不聊生,社会秩序结构在其间发生了很大变化,民间秩序结构在其间发挥了重要作用。新的民间秩序结构表现为豪强割据、豪族游侠统治、坞堡自救、望族的精神领导。民间秩序结构中的阶级组成主要为大族、官僚与门生故吏之间的依存关系,大族、豪强与宗族乡党、侠徒之间的共存关系。其特点为相对的独立性,豪强、游侠统治的强权性,轻财重义、仗义疏财的侠义性,以宗族乡党为基础的宗族性,有理想有抱负的知识分子建立乌托邦社会的"复古性",共同体中自救共存的互助性。

During the Wei-Jin and Northern-Southern Dynasties,the folk order took an important part since the state Kaiserdom broke up,thus the masses had no means to live,the state order was changed tempestuously.The new folk order could be represented with despots setting up separatist regimes by force of arms,families with extraordinary powers or paladins ruling,self-saving in castle,and,distinguished families leading mentally.Class constitution of the folk order was mainly of:dependence between great families,bureaucrats and disciples or former bureaucracies;coexistence of great families,despots and clans,knight-errants.Its peculiarities are:relative independency;compellentary of the ruling of despots;errantry of the ruling of paladins;clanism based on clans;'back to ancients' of the aspiring intelligentsia planning for realizing utopia;mutuality in concomitant communities.