试论道法两家历史观的异同

Comparison of Historical Views between Taoism and Legalism

道法两家历史观的异同是在历史中形成的。老子否定周代主流历史观中的宗教和道德因素,为历史理性的独立发展打开了一个突破口;庄子发展了"性情"和"命"的观念,扩大了历史理性的领域,但却陷入深刻的矛盾之中;韩非把人的欲望看作社会的基本内容,在理论上消解了历史的内在矛盾,使纯粹历史理性的历史观得以形成。两家历史观的异同与各自的思想体系是一致的,可以得到道论上的证明。

The Daoist and Legalist philosophy of history was growing along with the historical course of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period.Lao Zi criticized and negated the religious and moral elements in the traditional views on history,which was a breakthrough for historical reason to emerge and grow on itself.Zhuang Zi presented some important concepts like xing-qing (natural and true feeling) and ming (fate),which not only enlarged the horizons of historical reason,but was trapped in a sharp contradiction between historical reason and naive ideal of returning to the primitive times.According to Han Fei Zi,an outstanding Legalist,desire and profit reasoning were all the basic content of society.This idea wiped out all the contradictions in human mind and helped the theory of pure historical reason take shape in ancient China.The common and different ideas between the two schools paralleled their systems,which could be verified by their views on Dao respectively.