世界油页岩研究开发利用现状——并记2011年国内外三次油页岩会议

Global Oil Shale Research,Development and Utilization Today——And an Overview of Three Oil Shale Symposiums in 2011

2011年国内外召开了3次大型油页岩科技会议。世界油页岩资源蕴藏量十分巨大,折算成页岩油约达4500×108t,超过世界石油资源量。目前世界上油页岩干馏生产页岩油的国家有中国、爱沙尼亚和巴西。爱沙尼亚还在建设颗粒页岩干馏新工艺的大型工业装置。中国虽然油页岩预测资源量很大,但探明储量不多,近年来加强了地质勘探工作。中国还引进了颗粒页岩干馏的大型工业装置,并自主创新筹建颗粒页岩干馏的工业试验装置。中国近年来出版了多部油页岩专著,中国石油大学等高校和一些研究机构继续开展油页岩开发利用的研究。美国拥有世界上最丰富的油页岩探明储量,然而至今仍无页岩油的工业生产,但有很多公司和大学正在进行油页岩地下和地上干馏炼油的开发和基础研究。约旦、土耳其等发展中国家则加强了油页岩开发利用的研究,其政府制定了政策,加大了生产页岩油的国际合作。当前世界上利用油页岩燃烧产汽发电的国家有爱沙尼亚、中国、以色列和德国等,爱沙尼亚油页岩电站生产规模很大,总容量达3200MW,所发电量占其所需电力的94%,其他国家规模很小。

In 2011,three major oil shale symposiums were held worldwide.There are significant oil shale resources in the world,which is equivalent to about 4500×108t of shale oil,more than the world's conventional oil resources.Countries currently producing shale oil using the destructive distillation method include China,Estonia and Brazil.Estonia is building large industrial units using new granule shale distillation technology.Although China holds significant estimated oil shale resources,only a small volume has been proven in place so far.The country has in recent years stepped up its effort to explore for oil shale.China has also introduced large industrial units using the granule shale distillation method and is planning to build pilot industrial units using its own granule shale distillation technology.China has in recent years published a host of monographs on oil shale and some colleges and research institutes such as China University of Petroleum are being engaged in the research on the development and utilization of oil shale.The United States has more proven oil shale reserves than any other country;however,the country has not yet started shale oil production on a commercial scale.Many companies and colleges in the United States are conducting development and basic research into processing oil shale both underground and on the surface using the destructive distillation method.Some developing countries such as Jordan and Turkey are strengthening the research on the development and utilization of oil shale.The governments of these countries have enacted policies and strengthened their cooperation with international partners in producing shale oil.Some countries such as Estonia,China,Israel and Germany are using oil shale as fuel to produce steam for generating electricity.Estonia has a very large oil shale-based power generating capacity,about 3200MW,which provides 94% of the country's electricity output.The shares of oil shale-derived electricity in total electricity production in other countries are very small.