浅议我国垃圾焚烧发电的现状及发展趋势

Garbage-fired Power Generation in China Today and Development Trends

垃圾处理和资源化利用已经成为成熟的产业,从全球特别是发达国家和地区的发展趋势来看,垃圾焚烧发电技术正在向大型化、高效化、清洁化方向发展。近年来我国垃圾焚烧发电产业得到了较快发展,政策法规日益健全,技术发展迅速,已投产的项目运行收益稳定,发展空间日益增大。焚烧炉是垃圾发电的核心,在国外,由于垃圾分类严格,因此以炉排炉为主;而在我国炉排炉、流化床焚烧炉两者并举,其余方式也有少量应用。烟气处理是垃圾发电系统的关键,它决定了垃圾发电的环境友好性和公众认可度,典型的烟气处理宜采用半干法加布袋除尘工艺。我国垃圾焚烧目前还存在一些问题,如世界各国普遍关注的二恶英的控制;由于垃圾分类不到位导致垃圾成分复杂,水分含量高,成分复杂的垃圾产生的污染物也更复杂,而含水量高易导致燃烧不充分及热量损失,进而导致更多污染和能量浪费。在工艺技术先进、设备仪器到位、运行管理严格等前提下,垃圾焚烧发电可以实现稳定运行、达标排放。我国垃圾发电产业刚刚起步,建议在示范运行的基础上严格监管、稳步推进,同时要做好规划选址和垃圾分类工作。

Garbage treatment and recycling has emerged as a mature industry.Worldwide,particularly in the developed world,garbage-fired power generating facilities are increasingly large,efficient and clean.Benefiting from increasingly mature relevant policies and regulations and fast technical development,China's garbage-fired power generation industry has been growing rapidly in recent years.Profit margins of projects in operation are stable and the room for further development of this industry is expanding.The incinerator is the core of garbage-fired power generation.In developed countries,as garbage is strictly classified,the grate furnace is the dominant incinerator used.In China,both the grate furnace and the fluidized bed incinerator are popular,with other types of incinerators also being used on small scales.Flue gas treatment is a key component of a garbage-based power generation system,dictating the environmental friendliness and public approval degree in relation to garbage-fired power generation.The typical flue gas treatment process is the semi-dry method plus cloth bag dust-removing technology.Some problems are yet to be resolved by China in using garbage for power generation,such as the control of dioxin that has elicited widespread attention worldwide.As garbage is not strictly classified in China,the composition of garbage used in power generation is very complicated.Generally with high water cut,garbage with complicated compositions would usually produce more complicated pollutants.High water cut can easily lead to incomplete burning and heat loss,in turn resulting in more pollution and energy dissipation.If advanced technology,process and equipment are introduced and strict operational management is conducted,garbage-fired power generation can provide a stable source of power and meet relevant emission standards.China's garbage-fired power generation industry has just broken the ice.The article suggests strengthening regulation and steadily pushing garbage-fired power generation based on experience drawn from demonstration programs,while well planning site selection and classifying garbage.