石油化工催化剂生产废水处理国内技术进展

Advances in Technology for Treating Wastewater from Petrochemical Catalyst Production

石油化工催化剂生产过程中产生的废水已经成为制约催化剂发展的重要瓶颈之一,由于其组成的特殊性,处理难度大,往往需要开发特殊的处理方法。综述了国内石油化工催化剂,包括白土催化剂、分子筛催化剂及聚烯烃催化剂生产废水的处理技术,其中废水中的悬浮物处理可采用微滤法和絮凝法,通过微滤或絮凝,废水中SS的脱除率可达90%以上;微滤法在处理悬浮物时具有速度快、效率高等优点;高氨氮废水可采用生物法、热泵闪蒸汽提法、离子交换法和耦合法进行处理,且将物理、化学、生物、吸附等技术进行耦合是废水处理的发展方向,经过耦合技术处理的氨氮废水可达到国家排放标准。就整个催化剂废水处理的目标而言,一是将废水中的有用成分分离出来加以再利用,二是将废水中的有害成分转化为无害成分排放,三是将废水处理至一定水平,然后循环使用。

Wastewater production in the process of manufacturing petrochemical catalysts has become one of the main restraints on the growth of the catalyst industry.Due to its complex composition,such catalyst is very difficult to treat and usually requires special treatment methods.This article outlines the main techniques used in China for treating wastewater from the production of petrochemical catalysts including carclazyte catalysts,molecular sieve-based catalysts and polyolefin catalysts.According to the article,suspension in such wastewater can be treated using the micro-filtration membrane method and the flocculence method,which can remove more than 90% of the SS in the wastewater.The micro-filtration membrane method features fast treatment speed and high efficiency.Wastewater with high contents of ammonia nitrogen can be treated using biological methods,the heat-pump flash distillation steam stripping method,the ion exchange method and the coupling method.The coupling method integrating physical,chemical,biological and adsorption technologies is the direction for the development of technologies for treating wastewater from the production of petrochemical catalysts.Ammonia nitrogen wastewater treated with coupling techniques meets relevant national wastewater discharge standards.As far as the catalyst wastewater treatment objectives are concerned,firstly we need to recover the useful elements in the wastewater for reuse;secondly we need to convert the hazardous elements in the wastewater to non-hazardous elements before discharge;and lastly we need to treat the wastewater to certain standards to allow it to be reused.