我国新能源产业国际分工中的地位及提升对策

The Role of Chinese Alternative Energy Industry in World Arena and Role-promoting Measures

近年来,我国新能源产业发展速度位居世界前列,国际市场份额不断扩大,但依然是利用成本比较优势,以加工贸易为主,集中进入产业链中游的加工制造环节。在全球新能源产业分工中,发达国家始终享受着行业核心技术和终端产品应用所带来的创新收益和环境收益。而我国在新能源产业国际分工体系中的接入点仍然落在了能耗高、环境影响大、劳动力相对密集的制造环节,未能从根本上改变参与国际分工的方式,现阶段我国新能源产业的国际竞争力仍主要表现在价格和规模优势上。这除了产业发展路径依赖的原因外,也与政府和企业发展战略性新兴产业"急功近利"的思路不无关系。阻碍我国新能源产业国际分工地位改善和提升的主因在于产业创新机制不健全、国内市场容量小等产业发展的深层问题。同时,产业过度依赖外需,贸易摩擦和国际市场需求下降也导致我国企业经营困难。为提升我国新能源产业的国际分工地位,建议我国要调整新能源对外贸易与投资政策的思路,强化对新能源技术研发环节的政策支持,提高新能源企业的自主创新能力;充分利用全球资源,加大先进技术和创新人才引进力度;加快转变对外贸易发展方式,摈弃粗放型的增长方式,积极开拓新兴市场;促进资本的双向流动;培育新能源国际化龙头企业;完善新能源贸易与投资的服务保障体系;积极参与多边贸易谈判,改善贸易环境。

China′s alternative energy industry is one of the fastest-growing alternative energy sectors worldwide with its share in the international market growing rapidly.The industry is still relying on its comparative advantage,primarily targeting the processing trade and focusing on the processing and manufacturing link in the midstream of the industrial chain.In the world′s alternative energy industry,developed countries have long been enjoying the innovation and environmental benefits from their ownership of core technologies and end product applications.The starting point for Chinese alternative energy industry in the international labor division system is still the manufacturing link which is characterized by high energy consumption,large environmental impact and high labor intensity.This does not change the traditional mode of Chinese enterprises participating in international labor division.Chinese alternative energy enterprises′ advantages in international competition remain stemmed from price and production scale.In addition to over reliance on traditional industry development route,the strategic emerging industry development plans worked out by the government and enterprises,which are characterized by eagerness of achieving quick success and instant benefits,have also contributed to the above results.The main deterrents to the improvement of the Chinese alternative energy industry′s position in the international labor division system are some underlying problems in industry development such as defective innovation systems and small capacity of the domestic industry.The over reliance on foreign demand,trade friction and declined demand in the international market have also added to the difficulty faced by domestic enterprises.In order to raise the domestic alternative energy industry′s position in international labor division,China should redevise its policies on foreign trade and investment relating to alternative energy,strengthen its policy support to the research and development of alternative energy technology,help alternative energy enterprises raise innovation ability,step up its effort to introduce advanced technology and human resources good at innovation,accelerate the change in the way of developing foreign trade by weaning off the mode of extensive trade growth and actively exploring emerging markets,promote the bi-directional flow of capital,cultivate competitive alternative energy enterprises operating globally,improve the service system for alternative energy trade and investment,actively take part in multilateral trade negotiations and move to improve trade environment.