磷酸蜜胺盐膨胀型阻燃剂的合成及其应用

Preparation of intumescent flame retardant polyphosphate melamine salt and its applications

采用磷酸、季戊四醇和三聚氰胺为原料,乙二醇为介质,在温度100℃下反应6 h,合成无卤膨胀型阻燃剂季戊四醇磷酸蜜胺盐。根据该阻燃剂的膨胀度、残炭率的测定结果,确定反应物质的量之比:n1(磷酸+五氧化二磷)∶n2(季戊四醇)∶n3(三聚氰胺)=3∶1∶2。以该磷酸蜜胺盐膨胀型阻燃剂对棉织物进行阻燃整理,测试了织物整理后的白度、强力、手感和燃烧残留量。结果表明,磷酸蜜胺盐膨胀型阻燃剂在棉纤维表面粒径约为2μm,分布均匀,整理后的棉织物阻燃性能可达B1级,水洗耐久性好,只是白度、手感、强力略有下降,织物燃烧残留量有大幅度提高。

Halogen-free intumescent flame retardant melamine polyphosphate is prepared by reaction at 100 ℃ for 6 h with phosphoric acid,pentaerythritol and melamine as raw materials and ethylene glycol as a dispersing agent.The optimum synthesis conditions are defined as follows: mole ratio of phosphoric acid and phosphoric anhydride to pentaerythriol to melamine is 3 ∶1 ∶2 on the basis of intumescent degree and residual char of the flame retardant.The synthesized product is applied to flame retardant finish of cotton fabric,and the whiteness,strength,handle and burning residues of cotton fabric after finishing are tested.The results indicate that the flame retardant is uniformly distributed on the cotton fiber with the diameter of about 2 μm.The finished fabric features durable flame retardancy of Grade B1 with a little decrease in whiteness,handle and strength.