陕西省农村5岁以下儿童贫血患病状况的调查

Investigation of the prevalence of anemia among rural children under 5 years old in Shaanxi Province

目的了解陕西省农村3月龄～5岁儿童的贫血患病状况,为降低陕西省农村5岁以下儿童贫血提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法,对陕西省5个县的1 500户有5岁以下儿童的家庭户进行调查。运用软件Eipda-ta3.1建立数据库,实行双录入并进行纠错,采用SPSS13.0统计分析软件对数据进行整理和分析。结果 5个县3月龄～5岁儿童贫血患病率为32.0%;6～15月龄贫血患病率较高,以后随着月龄的增长而下降,不同月龄间儿童贫血患病率差异显著;不同地区间的儿童贫血患病率差异显著,蒲城最高为32.3%,佳县最低为16.1%;儿童贫血的主要类型为轻度贫血;不同性别儿童贫血患病率差异不显著;贫血男女童的体重、身高均显著低于非贫血儿童;不同喂养方式儿童的贫血患病率差异显著。结论陕西省农村5岁以下儿童贫血患病率较高,且以轻度贫血为主;改善喂养方式,普及科学喂养知识,有助于降低儿童贫血患病率。

Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia in 3-month-to 5-year-old children living in rural areas of Shaanxi Province so as to provide the reference for reducing the disease.Methods We investigated 1500 households with children under 5 years old in 5 counties of Shaanxi Province using multi-stage random sampling.Database was set up and data were logically checked with Epi3.1 software.All the data were input with duplication method and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software.Results The prevalence of anemia in children aged 3 months to 5 years was 32.0% in the 5 counties,with significant differences among counties with the highest in Pucheng(32.3%) and the lowest in Jiaxian(16.1%).The prevalence of anemia in children was relatively high in 6 and 15 months of age after birth,but declined when children grew older.The main type was mild anemia.The prevalence of anemia did not differ significantly between different genders.However,the weight and height of children with anemia were significantly lower than those of the normal children;the prevalence of anemia differed significantly between different feeding patterns.Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in children under the age of five is relatively high in rural villages of Shaanxi Province with primarily mild anemia.Interventions such as changing the feeding pattern and popularizing knowledge of appropriate feeding would decrease the prevalence of anemia in local children.