2010年至2011年奶牛养殖中碳减排的研究概况

Research Advances in Carbon Emission Reduction in Dairy Production from 2010 to 2011

碳排放是关于温室气体排放的总称或简称。在全球气候变化背景下,碳排放空间将逐渐成为经济发展关键的资源约束,农业的低碳排放亦势在必行。在政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)发布的温室气体排放清单中,反刍动物肠胃发酵甲烷排放与粪便管理系统中的甲烷和一氧化二氮的排放均是农业温室气体的主要排放源,奶牛生产作为反刍动物生产的主要形式之一加之其巨大的粪污排放量,如何实现奶牛生产中温室气体减排对于奶牛生产实现环境友好型发展至关重要。本文从营养调控、减少粪便中碳排放、奶牛业碳减排模型、温室气体减排技术与减排规律等方面对2010年至2011年国内外致力于减少奶牛生产中碳排放的相关研究进行了综述,期望为奶牛生产实现低碳、生态型转变提供帮助。

Carbon emission is a general or shorted term of greenhouse gas emission.In the changing context of global climate,carbon emission space will gradually become the resource constraint of economic development,and the low-carbon emission from agriculture will also become imperative.In the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions that released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),CH4 emissions from ruminant gastrointestinal fermentation and the CH4 and N2O emissions from the manure management systems are the major emission sources of greenhouse gases in agriculture.Dairy production as one of the main form of ruminant production,combined with its huge dung emissions,it is essential to realize the environment-friendly development of dairy production that to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in dairy production.In order to help people realize dairy production turning into low-carbon and ecotype,researches focused on reducing carbon emission in dairy production from 2010 to 2011 are summarized in nutrition regulation,carbon emission reduction in feces,the carbon emission mitigation model in dairy industry,emission reduction technologies and rules of greenhouse gas and other aspects in this review.