象山隧道岩溶突水涌泥原因分析及处理措施

Cause Analysis and Treatment Measures on Water Bursting and Mud Gushing of Karst in Xiangshan Tunnel

龙厦铁路象山隧道施工中,右线隧道距离进口4 468 m处的掌子面(YDK24+158)发生了大规模、长时间的突水、涌泥,导致地表发生大范围的沉降、塌陷,出现了典型的岩溶地下水突出所引发的地质灾害。结合象山隧道工程地质、水文地质条件,对隧道岩溶突水涌泥原因进行分析,结论是:本隧道具备了发生岩溶突水地质灾害的典型地层特征。为此,借鉴国内岩溶隧道设计施工经验,结合本隧道的地形地质条件,提出在隧道洞身地表相应位置设置深孔,通过深孔进行投料、注浆的方法,封堵掌子面溃口、加固溶腔内的充填物,同时在洞内掌子面进行帷幕注浆、设置高位支洞排水等综合处理措施,达到了预期效果。

During the construction of Xiangshan Tunnel for Longyan-Xiamen Railway,large-scale water bursting and mud gushing occurred on the tunnel's working face 4468m from the entrance of its right tunnel for a long time,it led to occurrence of a wide range of settlement and subsidence on the ground surface,and typical geological disasters caused by karst groundwater bursting occurred.This paper analyzes the cause of karst water bursting and mud gushing in tunnel in combination with the engineering geological and hydro-geological conditions of Xiangshan Tunnel.The analysis results show that this tunnel has the typical stratigraphic characteristics with occurrence of geological disasters of karst water bursting.So,using domestic karst tunnel design and construction experience for reference,and combining with the topographic and geologic conditions of this tunnel,this paper puts forward some comprehensive treatment measures to solve this problem: setting deep holes in the corresponding positions of surface of the tunnel body,feeding material and grouting through these deep holes to seal the tunnel's working face breach,reinforcing filling materials in the dissolved cavity,at the same time,carrying out curtain grouting on the working face in the tunnel and setting branch caverns at high position to drainage water.Thus,the problem of water bursting and mud gushing of karst is solved.