土地流转中农村女性权益状况的实证分析——以河北省米村和湖北省石村为例

The Empirical Research on the Land Diversion Rights of the Feminine——two examples——Mi Village in Hubei Province and Shi Village in Hubei Province

本文以两个村庄的调查为基础,分析女性在土地流转过程中的角色及其权益损伤状况,并探讨女性对这一状况的认知。研究结果表明,在家庭内部,男性作为富余劳动力首先从农业中转移出去,农业生产呈现女性化的趋势,农业生产的女性化直接影响着土地流转的发生。在土地流转过程中,女性的决策权遭到不同程度的损伤;婚姻流动时,女性的土地承包经营权受到剥夺;在父母将自己的土地承包经营权转让给子女的过程中,女性的继承权时常得不到保障。对于女性在土地流转过程中权益被损的现象,女性应当与男性一样被赋予同样的权利。

In the times of collectivization,as the result of the power of the political discourses,the feminine were no longer regarded as the marginal labor force in the traditional rural production,but the essential labor force as the male.After the collectivization,each family began to transfer the 'ample labor force' outside from the agriculture field on the ground of the 'involution'.As there exists so many influencing factors,such as traditional beliefs,non-agricultural job chances as well as the female themselves,it is naturally the male that would first transfer outside from the agriculture field as the 'ample labor force',which results in the 'geminization' in the rural production.However,the 'feminization' will directly cause the land diversion to take place.When the land diversion happens,the female will lose some of their decision rights to some extend.Besides,the female could not be guaranteed to attain the right when the parents transfer their own land use rights to the children.As for the phenomenon that the female rights are damaged in the land diversion process,both the male and the female show their 'approval'.