生长前期北京鸭生物素需要量及脚裂症的初步探究

Biotin Requirements and Foot Pad Lesions of Peking Ducks during the Starter Period

本文旨在研究不同生物素水平对生长前期北京鸭生长性能的影响,并对生物素缺乏症———脚裂症进行初步探究。试验选用体重相近的1日龄雄性北京鸭480只,随机分成10组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭。各组分别添加0、0.03、0.06、0.09、0.12、0.15、0.18、0.21、1.50 mg/kg生物素及3 g/kg蛋清粉。试验期4周。结果表明,不同生物素水平对1～21日龄北京鸭平均日采食量和平均日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),但对料重比没有显著影响(P>0.05)。统计发现,各组表现出不同程度的脚裂症,其中3 g/kg蛋清粉组最为严重;生物素添加水平高于0.15 mg/kg时,脚裂症得到有效缓解。不同生物素水平对28日龄北京鸭肝脏磷脂含量和血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性有显著影响(P<0.05)。通过数据分析得出,以平均日增重为衡量指标,采用直线折线和二次曲线模型估测生物素适宜需要量分别为0.180和0.202 mg/kg,并初步判断脚裂症与脱水存在一定的关系。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of biotin on the growth performance of Peking ducks and to observe foot pad lesions of biotin-deficient ducks.A total of 480 one-day-old male Peking ducks with an average body weight were randomly allotted into 10 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 ducks in each replicate.The supplement levels in the diet were 0,0.03,0.06,0.09,0.12,0.15,0.18,0.21,1.50 mg/kg biotin and 3 g/kg white egg power,respectively.The experiment lasted for 4 weeks.The results showed that the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of Peking ducks were improved with the increasing level of dietary biotin at 21 days of age(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in ratio of feed to gain(P>0.05).Ducks in each treatment showed various degrees of foot pad lesions,and the foot pad lesions of ducks fed the diet added white egg power were the most serious.Diets supplemented with more than 0.15 mg/kg biotin can effectively prevent the foot pad lesions.Different levels of biotin affected the phospholipids in liver and the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in serum at 28 days of age(P<0.05).It is identified that based on the body weight gain,the optimum requirements of biotin are 0.180 mg/kg(estimated by broken-line model) and 0.202 mg/kg(estimated by quadratic model),respectively.And it is point out that there is a relationship between dehydration and foot pad lesions.