饲粮不同维生素E水平对鹅生产性能、胴体品质、血清生化指标和生殖激素含量的影响

Dietary Vitamin E Level Affects Performance,Carcass Quality,Serum Biochemical Parameters and Reproductive Hormone Contents of Geese

本试验以0～12周龄肝用型鹅为研究对象,通过探讨饲粮不同维生素E水平对青农灰鹅生产性能、胴体品质、血清生化指标和生殖激素含量的影响,确定育雏、育成期鹅维生素E的需要量。试验选择1日龄青农灰鹅180只,随机分为6个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只。试验鹅饲喂在玉米-豆粕型饲粮的基础上分别添加0(对照组)、5、10、20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E的饲粮,试验期为12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加40、80 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高0～4周龄鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),饲粮添加40 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高5～12周龄鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加40、80 IU/kg维生素E可显著降低12周龄鹅胸肌剪切力和失水率(P<0.05),饲粮添加80 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高12周龄鹅半净膛率和胸肌率(P<0.05)。3)提高饲粮维生素E水平可显著提高4周龄鹅血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05),显著降低12周龄鹅血清尿素氮含量(P<0.01),饲粮添加40 IU/kg维生素E可显著提高4周龄和12周龄鹅血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,40、80 IU/kg维生素E组12周龄母鹅血清中雌二醇含量显著升高(P<0.05),促卵泡素含量显著降低(P<0.05)。20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组12周龄公鹅血清中雌二醇、睾酮含量均显著升高(P<0.05),促卵泡素含量显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结论如下:1)维生素E对鹅的生产性能、胴体品质、血清中尿酸、尿素氮、生殖激素含量和碱性磷酸酶活性具有一定调控作用;2)根据建立的回归方程确定肝用型鹅饲粮维生素E最适添加量为:0～4周龄42.98 IU/kg,5～12周龄38.92～43.41 IU/kg;3)根据鹅血清中生殖激素含量的变化确定饲粮维生素E最低添加量为20 IU/kg。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin E level on performance,carcass quality,serum biochemical parameters and reproductive hormone contents of liver-breeding geese aged 0 to 12 weeks and find out vitamin E requirement of geese aged 0 to 4 weeks and 5 to 12 weeks.One hundred and eighty 1-day-old Qingnonghui geese were randomly selected and divided into 6 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 10 geese in each replicate.The geese were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0,5,10,20,40 and 80 IU/kg vitamin E,respectively,and raised for 12 weeks.The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of geese aged 0 to 4 weeks were significantly increased by the supplementation of 40 and 80 IU/kg vitamin E and those of geese aged 5 to 8 weeks were significantly increased by the supplementation of 40 IU/kg vitamin E(P<0.05).2) The supplementation of 40 and 80 IU/kg vitamin E significantly decreased the water loss rate and shear force of breast muscle of geese aged 12 weeks(P<0.05),and the supplementation of 80 IU/kg vitamin E significantly increased the percentage of half-eviscerated weight and breast muscle rate of geese aged 12 weeks(P<0.05).3) Serum urea nitrogen content of geese aged 4 weeks was significantly increased(P<0.05) and that of geese aged 12 weeks was significantly decreased by the supplementation of vitamin E(P<0.01),and serum alkaline phosphatase activity of geese aged 4 and 12 weeks was significantly increased as the supplemental vitamin E level was 40 IU/kg(P<0.05).4) Serum estradiol content of female geese aged 12 weeks was significantly increased and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) content of them was significantly decreased by the supplementation of 40 and 80 IU/kg vitamin E(P<0.05).The contents of estradiol and testosterone in serum of male geese aged 12 weeks were significantly increased(P<0.05),but FSH content of them was significantly decreased by the supplementation of 20,40 and 80 IU/kg vitamin E(P<0.05).In conclusion,1) vitamin E plays a regulatory role in the performance,carcass quality,the contents of uric acid,urea nitrogen and reproductive hormones,and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum of geese;2) the optimal vitamin E level in diet for liver-breeding geese aged 0 to 4 weeks is 42.98 IU/kg and for liver-breeding geese aged 5 to 12 weeks is 38.92 to 43.41 IU/kg,according to the calculation by the established regression equation;3) according to the results of serum reproductive hormone contents of geese,the lowest level of vitamin E in diet should be 20 IU/kg.