麻省理工的“一等星”——钱学森在麻省理工学院的日子

MIT's First Magnitude Star——The Days When Mr. H.S.TSIEN was at MIT

本文通过对1930年～1940年代美国航空工业史的研究发现,当年正是因为钱学森自己在美国航空和军事科学研究领域中作出的显著成就,逐步确立自己在航空工程界的领导地位,吸引了美国航空工业界重量级人物美国航空顾问委员会主席、麻省理工航空工程系主任汉萨克的注意,后者不遗余力将钱学森引进麻省理工,从而纠正了以往关于钱学森是因为导师冯.卡门与加州理工发生矛盾,钱学森与导师一同出走麻省理工的不正确记录。作者在美国麻省理工学院档案馆发掘出一些至今未被正式引用的档案,还原了1947年钱学森是如何突破常规,晋升为麻省理工历史最年轻的教授的那段不为人知的历史,并展示了当年麻省理工学院校方对钱学森在航空工业领域所作贡献的高度评价——他是麻省理工的"一等星"。同时,本文记述钱学森在麻省理工任职期间的教学和研究情况,以及麻省理工学院学术研究环境和学术传统和对钱学森在火箭研究、风洞试验和控制论研究的影响。

According to the research discovery of the U.S.aeronautics industry history from 1930 to 1940,the paper corrects a worng historical recorder that H.S.Tsien moved to MIT in 1946 because his surpviser von Karman had been in conflict with CIT;hene he had to leave CIT with his surpviser.The fact is that H.S.Tsien's remarkable achievement in the field of aeronautics and military science guradually established his leadership in aeronautical engineering in the 1940's.His excellency had also drawn the attentions of the dean of Department of Aeronautics of MIT,J.C.Hunsaker(1886-1984),who was also a chairman of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautis(NACA).He made every effort to invite Mr.H.S.Tsien to MIT as an associate professor.The author found unprecedentedly excerpted documents in the MIT Archive,one of which demonstrated the story of how Mr.Tsien overrid the convention in MIT and became the youngest professor in it's history.In addition,these files indicated that MIT's attitude towards Tsien was a tribute to his devotion to the aeronautics industry——he was MIT's First Magnitude Star.Meanwhile,this paper elaborated Tsien's teaching and his research achivement in rocketry,cybernetics as well as his wind tunnel trial under the infuence of the acdemic e nvironment and atmosphere of the University during his tenure at MIT.