近五十年内蒙古大学校园内苔藓植物物种组成变化

Changes of Species Composition of Bryophytes in the Campus of Inner Mongolia University in Recent 50 Years

苔藓植物是植物区系的一个重要组成部分,但我国对校园微环境苔藓植物多样性变化的研究仍处于空白阶段.2010年通过样方布设法对内蒙古大学校园内的苔藓植物进行采集,并通过镜下观察,将2010年所采集的标本与内蒙古大学馆藏1964年同样地的标本进行鉴定与比较.整理出1964年有苔藓植物9科、19属、31种,以耐旱藓类和生态幅度宽的藓类植物为主,2010年有12科、20属、42种,除了适应性强的藓类植物外,还增加了一些喜阴湿环境的苔藓植物,物种组成较早年丰富;区系地理成分均以北温带及世界广布种为主,这是研究地大环境地理气候决定的;两个年代苔藓植物物种相似性系数为0.4384,物种相似性较高;1964年校园内生境类型单一,分布物种较少,随着校园的建设,2010年生境类型多样,新增物种及校园内大多数物种主要集中分布于人工林、楼群背阴及开阔地湿润土生生境,另外,校园硬化、裸土面积减少、原水湿环境丧失导致了早年分布的部分物种退出校园环境,突显了生境多样性及环境变化对物种丰富度及分布的影响.

The bryophyte is one important component of the plant flora,but the research on the diversity of bryophyte communities in campus is vacancy in China.Some bryophyte specimens in the campus of Inner Mongolia University in 1964 were kept in the plant herbarium,and in the same site new specimens were collected in 2010 by setting up sample plot.Old and new specimens were identified and examined.The results of species composition of bryophytes in different year were obtained.There are 9 families,19 genera and 31 species of bryophytes in the year 1964,most of the species are drought tolerant moss in large ecological amplitude.But in the year 2010,there are 12 families,20 genera and 42 species of bryophytes,some species favor wet environment increase.The main geographical elements of the bryophytic flora of the campus in the two different years are the same,and both are Northern temperate elements and cosmopolitan.This is determined by geography and climate of this city.Similarity coefficient of species composition of bryophytes in 1964 and 2010 is 0.4384,and it shows that the similarity is in a high level.There was a single habitat type in 1964,and only a few species distributed.With the construction of campus,more habitat types emerged in 2010.The new settlers and most species distributed in the plantations,shade of the buildings and wet soil in the open ground.On the other hand,with bare earth area reduced,the lost of wet environment made some species disappear in the campus.This highlights the effects of microhabitats diversity on the plant diversity and distribution.