中日传统剧场转台研究

Study on Traditional Chinese and Japanese Revolving Stages

古代剧场真正的旋转舞台出现在 18 世纪中期的日本歌舞伎剧场。宝历八年 ( 1758 年) ,大阪的歌舞伎艺术家并木正三发明了世界上第一个旋转舞台,就是将台板锯开,在台板下安装机关,使台板本身可以旋转的构造。每当剧情、场次变化,早已在背面布置好的道具、布景、演员就旋转过来,面向观众。这是日本演剧高度发展的一个标志,显示出歌舞伎写实性的表演特征。现存日本歌舞伎剧场中均设有转台。18世纪,中国清宫大戏台也有了升降、地井装置以及移动推车 "车台",表现出宫廷大戏表演中不同于写意性的写实性追求。

Actual revolving stage of ancient theater appeared at Japanese Kabuki theater in the middle of the eighteen century. In 1758, the Kabuki artist NAMIKI SHOZO from Osaka invented the first revolving stage in the world. The stage board was sawed and there was mechanism installed under it. Then, the board itself could revolve. With scenario and session changing, props, scenery, actor or actress on the other side were turning to face audiences. It was the mark of the high development of Japanese opera and, shows Kabuki’s characteristic of realism presentation. All the Japanese Kabuki theaters of today have revolving stages. In the same century of 18, there were also lifting gears and devices equipped in ground wells and Che Tai (a rectangle-shape moving device) in Qing court theaters, and they exhibited a pursuit for realism, instead of freehand expression, in Chinese court plays.