历史性的转变:从禁戏、改戏到保护非物质文化遗产

The Historical Transformation:From opera Prohibition and Opera Adaptation to Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection

1949年,随着中华人民共和国成立,"戏曲改革运动"大规模展开。戏改运动首先是从禁戏开始。意识形态的过度强化,曾使得当年禁戏的行为一度趋于泛滥。1951年5月5日政务院的《关于戏曲改革工作的指示》实为纠偏之举。从此,戏改运动的重点就不再是禁戏而是改戏。经"过滤"、"净化"、"去芜存菁"后的传统戏曲,改变了原貌。经几十年之世变,如今的传统戏曲等非物质文化遗产已出现历史断层。而进入二十一世纪后的中国,业已从历史中吸取经验教训,告别"意识形态至上",开始重视非物质文化遗产之保护。从禁戏、改戏到保护非物质文化遗产,这是一个历史性的转变。

With the foundation of People’s Republic of China in 1949,a large-scale 'Opera Reform Movement' was launched. The movement started with prohibiting opera. Since the ideology was over-reinforced,it made the prohibition tend to be overflowed. The Directive about Opera Reform issued on May Fifth 1951 by the Administration Council is actually a correction action. Hence,the focal point of the reform turned from opera prohibition to adaptation. The traditional opera,which had been'filtered','purified' and whose 'impurities had been removed and essence had been retained',was changed. After several decades of the change of World,the current traditional opera which is regarded as one of the intangible cultural heritage has presented the historical fault. Further,since the twenty first century,China has learned lessons from history and said goodbye to 'the ideology is supreme',and started to value intangible cultural heritage protection. It is a historical transformation that the prohibition and the adaptation turn to be the intangible cultural heritage protection.