庶民风标:台湾庙会演剧的综艺性与功利性

The Common People’s Weathercock:The Variety and Utility Qualities of Taiwan Temple Fair Opera

当代台湾庙会演剧,在形式风貌上,表现了高度的综艺性;其运作经营,则由环环相扣的逐利机制组合而成。台湾庙会演剧的"综艺性"与"功利性"相较于其它华人生活地区的酬神演剧可谓极为凸出,却很容易从生成背景加以解释。演出通俗戏剧是台湾庙会的传统,今天所见的"综艺性"却是长期浸淫于商业剧场的结果。台湾庙会演剧的主流剧种为歌仔戏,透过特殊的"说故事"方式,其表演内容及审美好尚都表现了高度的综艺性,这和它采取幕表即兴的表演方式有绝大的关系。即兴戏剧运作产生的必然结果,包括娱乐本质、技艺主体、拼贴风格等,正是形塑庙会歌仔戏综艺性的三大特质。"酬神演剧"是民间信仰行为"祈求-获得-酬谢"的最终环节,本来就带有功利性质。整个酬神演剧环境的运作,即由环环相扣的功利关系组合而成。人们一方面各尽其力,一方面又很"务实"的从中获取钱财和各种好处,正是务实逐利的庶民精神生活最生动的诠释。虽然庙会酬神的歌仔戏演出与民众日常娱乐已经日渐脱节,仍不失为观察台湾社会庶民价值观与娱乐审美观的典型标记。

Contemporary Taiwan Temple Fair Opera shows a high quality of variety in its form and style, and its marketing operation is finished by a linked profit-made system. Compare to the opera of rewarding gods in other Chinese living regions, the 'variety' and 'utility' qualities of Taiwan Temple Fair Opera extremely protrudes, however, it can be easily explained by its background where the qualities are produced. It is a tradition that the popular opera is performed at Taiwan Temple Fair. Nevertheless, the present 'variety quality' results in the long-time involvement in commercial theater. The mainstream sort of Taiwan Temple Fair Opera is Gezai Opera (歌仔戏) whose performing content and esthetic interest show a high quality of variety in a special way of 'telling story '. This quality relates closely to its performance way of improvisation. The inevitable outcomes of improvisation opera’s production includes entertainment nature, skill mainstay, collage style which are three main characteristics of shaping the variety quality of Temple Gezai Opera.The Opera of Rewarding Gods is a final link of popular religion behavior 'praying-gaining-rewarding', and it was of a quality of utility. The whole process of rewarding opera is composed of linked utility relationships. The fact that people, on the one hand, work according to their abilities, and on the other, practically make money and various benefits from their works, is the vivid explanation that explains the common people’s spiritual life. Although the performance of Gezai Opera of rewarding gods at temple fair has gradually been being disconnected from the public daily entertainment, it is also a typical tag of observing Taiwan common people’s values and entertainment aesthetics.