论全国类清诗总集的基本形态

A study of the Basic Forms of the Qing Poetry Collections

在本朝、通代、跨代的框架下,全国类清诗总集的基本形态可分综合选本、专题总集与丛刻总集三类。综合选本是按照一定标准、系统编选而成的诗总集,它以普选全国各地诗人的各体诗为目的,具有广泛性和综合性的特点。专题总集的采录范围则有一定的限制,依其着眼点的不同,可分为:专收某种体裁之诗歌;集中收录某一类题材内容之诗歌;着眼于收录某些特定诗人群体之诗歌,包括遗民、平民、弟子、交游等。丛刻总集则是若干作家作品集的汇编,同样带有一定的专题性质,但较之综合选本则有相当程度的随意性与散漫性,这就使它难以反映出一代诗坛面貌与代表作家阵容,不过若单就此类总集本身而论,却也有其独特的意义所在。总之,三类总集是既相互联系与又有区别,认真梳理它们的关系,特别是划分的依据,将有助于我们深入认识清代诗文的类型与价值。

Under the framework of contemporary,general,and over dynasties,Qing poetry collections fall into the three basic types of comprehensive anthology,special anthology,and anthology series.Comprehensive anthologies are systematical selections of poems of the whole country according to pre-set standards.Special anthologies collect poems according to their genre,subject,or theme by various poets.They may also focus on certain types of poets of a wide range.Anthology series collect several poets,usually on certain subjects or themes.These series are quite loose in comparison with comprehensive collection and thus may fail to represent the whole picture of the poetic writings of the age concerned and the representative poets writing in this age.These three types are different from but interconnected with each other.A careful study of their relationship and the standards they follow will produce a better understanding of Qing poetic genres and their value.