摘要
三趾啄木鸟西南亚种(Picoides tridactylus funebris)是青藏高原的特有鸟类。自从1870年被发现后,未见关于该鸟生活史的报道。在2007年4月至7月,我们对一对三趾啄木鸟西南亚种的取食行为进行了观察研究。通过无线电遥测跟踪,共获得117个取食记录样本,其中28个是雄鸟的,89个是雌鸟的。结果显示,该鸟更加偏好在云杉和枯树上取食,胸径平均为32.7±9.2cm该鸟主要采用啄取的方式进食(39.8%),其次是剥皮(13.2%)。在关于取食基质的4个调查参数中有3个存在差异显著,因此推断该鸟存在雌雄鸟生态位分离现象。这可能与二者喙的性二态有关,雄鸟喙略微大于雌鸟。三趾啄木鸟吸取树汁的比例(4.1%)要高于高山亚种(P.t. alpinus),说明西南亚种的生活环境由于缺乏食物,更加依赖吸食树汁来维持生存。总体来讲,三趾啄木鸟西南亚种的取食行为与其他亚种还是十分相似的。
The Three-toed Woodpecker subspecies Picoides tridactylus funebris is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. No part of its life history was ever reported since its discovery in 1870. To close this gap, we observed foraging behavior of a pair between April and August 2007. A total of 117 observations (28 for male and 89 for female) were obtained by following the birds within their home-ranges using radio-tracking. P. t. funebris preferred foraging on live spruces and snags bigger than available with an average diameter of breast height (DBH) of 32.7 ± 9.2 cm. The most frequent foraging technique was pecking (39.8% of foraging time) and peeling (13.2%). Moreover, sap-sucking was observed more often in P. t. funebris than in P. t. alpinus, suggesting that P. t. funebris was more dependent on the tree sap than the other subspecies. We found distinct niche partitioning between the sexes with respect to use of three out of four investigated parameters of the foraging substrates. These differences were likely related to sexual dimorphism pronounced by slightly larger bill of the male. We concluded that the subspecies P. t. funebris displayed foraging behavior which was very similar to that of other subspecies of the Three-toed Woodpecker.
基金
supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30620130110)
the Chinese Academy of Sciences
