天水市不同播种期马铃薯生物量累积特征及与气候因子关系研究(英文)

Characteristics of Accumulative Potato Biomass in Different Sowing Dates and Their Relationships with the Climate Factors in Tianshui City

[目的]研究天水市不同播种期马铃薯生物量累积特征与气候因子关系。[方法]根据甘肃省天水农业气象试验站2009年马铃薯分期播种试验,对各播种期马铃薯的生长发育期、各生育期气候资源占用量及茎块鲜生物量的累积过程与平均播期进行了对比分析。[结果]结果表明,各播期全生育期天数趋同于平均播期,各界限温度积温占用量差异不大,太阳辐射、降水量差别较大。块茎鲜生物量累积与≥10℃的积温非线性相关比较显著,1100℃是茎块鲜生物量累积速度变化的转折点。在花序形成期前,各播期茎块鲜生物累积量变化不大;花序形成期后,比平均播种期推后7d播种的马铃薯块茎鲜生物量累积速度明显大于其他各播期。[结论]4月上旬末应是马铃薯的最佳播种期,提前播种及过度推迟播种均不利于马铃薯产量提高。

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of accumulative potato biomass in different sowing dates and their relationships with the climate factors in Tianshui City.[Method] Based on the potato sowing experiment by installments in Tianshui agrometeorological experiment station in 2009,the potato's growth periods in every sowing date were contrasted with the average sowing period.Moreover,the climate resources' occupied amounts,the accumulative progresses of tuber's fresh biomass in every growth period were contrasted with the average sowing period.[Result] The results showed that the days of whole growth period in every sowing date tended to be same with the average period.The accumulative temperature's occupied amounts of every critical temperature had little difference,but the solar radiation and precipitation had great difference.The nonlinearity correlation between tuber's fresh biomass accumulation and the accumulative temperature (≥10℃) was obvious.When the accumulative temperature(≥10℃) was about 1 100℃,it was the turning point which the accumulative velocity of tuber's fresh biomass changed.The accumulation of tuber's fresh biomass in every sowing date had little difference before the inflorescence formation period.After the inflorescence formation period,the accumulative velocity of potato tuber's fresh biomass in the sowing date which was 7 days later than the average sowing period was greater than other sowing dates.[Conclusion] The optimum sowing date of potato should be in the end of early April.It had the negative effects to promote potato's yield by sowing early and too late.