梅州地区惭愧祖师的神格形态——以阴那山为中心的考察

On the Godship Pattern of Master Can Kui in Meizhou:A Case Study Focusing on Mount Yinna

惭愧祖师是梅州客家人的守护神,也是闽台地区的重要神明。惭愧祖师在梅州地区的神格形态是高僧模样的客家乡土神袛,其神格职能主要表现为祈雨救灾、御敌弭寇、助佑学业和灵签降示等。随着社会历史的发展尤其是阴那山的旅游开发,惭愧祖师祈雨救灾和御敌弭寇的职能基本褪化,助佑学业的职能也有所转化,而灵签降示的职能得以强化,并成为重要的职能,同时其它职能也在不断被创化,并走向多样化。

Master Can Kui is the patron saint of the Hakka in Meizhou and an important God in Fujian and Taiwan areas.The godship pattern of Master Can Kui in the Meizhou area is an eminent-monk-type Hakka local God,whose magical function are mainly disaster relief,resisting the enemy,academic blessing and predicting fate by sign.With the development of social history,especially Mount Yinna’s tourism development,Master Can Kui’s duty for disaster relief and resisting the enemy almost fade,but academic blessing function has also changed,the function of predicting fate by sign has been strengthened and become an important function,while other functions are constantly being created and diversified.