日本人口过稀、老龄化社会中村庄传统表演艺术的衰退与对策

Traditional Village Performance Art’s Declining of the Sparsely Populated Aging Japanese Society and The Countermeasure

日本在1950年以来60余年间采取过对于非物质文化遗产的保护与可持续发展的各种措施,但是由于1960年代、1970年代的经济高速度增长的影响,很多民俗口传文化遗产衰退了。还有,从那以后日本的老龄化率急剧昂高而跳到世界首位,这种倾向将连续到今后约50年,在这种情况下,全国各地农山村庄陷入人口过稀的状态,并且这些村庄里相传的传统表演艺术(民俗艺能)以及其他各种民俗口传文化遗产更加衰落了。但是当地村庄居民得到外地血统亲属或者地缘关系人的协助,从而把这些活动继续下去。我预想今后除了文物保护方面及意外的农林水产方面,地区振兴方面等其他行政部门的项目也为非物质文化遗产的保护与持续发展做了很大的作用。另外从学术界最近的动向来看除了文物有关研究领域,文化人类学、农业学等等其他领域的研究专家们也逐渐关注到这个问题。总而言之我希望行政机关也好,学术界也好,各个领域综合起来对这种困境拿出更有效的措施。

Japan has taken all sorts of measures to protect intangible cultural heritage and made it sustainable since 1950s, but a lot of oral cultural heritages have been declining with the influence of the rocketing economy during 1960s and 1970s. Since then, the aging problem has ranked the first place in the world, and its influence lasted for almost 50 years. Thus, all the villages become sparsely populated and, the traditional performance (folk art and skill) and other popular oral culture have been getting more declining. However, these activities have been carried on by local villagers who are assisted by kinship relatives or by persons who are geographically related to them. I expect that, besides cultural relics protection, the administrations of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and of regional development will also contribute to safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. What’s more, recently other academic fields such as anthropology, agriculture, increasingly get concerned about this issue. In a word, I hope, no matter the administration or the academia, all the people get together to work out more effective measures.