大城市气象服务需求与关键技术

Key Scientific and Technological Problems Study on Metropolitan Weather Services

基于城市化快速发展所产生的城市气候效应、气象灾害效应的事实,阐述了城市化对天气、气候的影响和由此导致的城市气象灾害特征。通过对城市气象服务需求的调查分析,揭示出提高城市气象服务能力需要解决的关键技术问题。通过对目前城市气象研究现状和在气象预报服务中的技术支撑能力的分析,提出了在新形势下大城市气象预报服务的发展思路和重点任务。

In recent years,rapid urbanization with accompanying environment stress,adverse environment effects,and urban disaster risk has been increasing persistently.In the context of global warming,extreme weather events occur more frequently.The weather services in the city are imminently expected due to city security,disaster reduction,socio-political and economic activities,ecological environment protection,sustainable development and climate change.Based on the fact that rapid urbanization has significant effects on environment,climate and meteorological disasters,this article demonstrates the urbanization impact on weather,climate and meteorological disasters in cities.The key technological problems for improving meteorological service ability are also discussed through investigations and analyses of forecasting services demand.A review of urban meteorological theoretical research and an analysis of forecasting technologies ability are made.Finally,the development vision and key tasks on future weather forecasting services for metropolis are proposed.