基于线粒体基因COI和cytb序列的山雀科、攀雀科及长尾山雀属鸟类的分子系统发育分析(英文)

Molecular phylogenetic analysis among species of Paridae,Remizidae and Aegithalos based on mtDNA sequences of COI and cyt b

过去的几十年来对山雀科鸟类及其亲缘类群的系统发育关系的研究很多,然而,由于各研究采用不同的遗传标记,关于这些物种间系统发育关系的争议越来越大。在本研究中,我们采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法分析所获得的15个物种(10个山雀科物种,4个长尾山雀属物种和中华攀雀)的线粒体基因cytb和COΙ片断的联合序列。基于不同片断和分子进化模型间的一致性且强烈的支持,山雀科及其亲缘类群物种间的系统发育关系得到了很好的解决。和以往用不同的遗传标记研究结果一样,山雀科和攀雀科的单系性得到支持,而山雀科和长尾山雀属的单系性则被拒绝。我们的结果建议将山雀属亚属Machlolophus提升为属。虽然在我们的研究中,长尾山雀属的系统发生关系获得很高的支持,然而,考虑到该属物种内的分子和形态性状的差异,还需要更多的数据来解决该属的系统发育。基于该属物种的多样性和特有化格局,我们认为中国西南山地很可能就是该属的演化中心。以每百万年2%的进化速率来估算物种的分化时间,结果表明该属物种的分化时间为从晚第三纪到第四纪(从5.5至0.1百万年)。经比较分析,我们发现同域分布的物种存在着一致的遗传分化格局。

The phylogeny of Paridae and allies has been studied intensively during past decades.However,the phylogenetic relationship among species tends to become increasingly controversial as different genetic markers emerge.In our study,the partial mitochondrial genes cytochrome b(cyt b) and cytochrome coxidase subunit Ι(COI) were obtained from 15 species that included 10 tits,4 long-tailed tits and a Chinese penduline tit. Analyses were conducted on the combined cyt b and COΙ sequences with maximum likelihood and Bayesian algorithms. Based on strong,congruent support among the different temporal partitions and models of sequence evolution,a highly resolved consensus of the relationships among Parids and their allies has been formed.The monophyly of Paridae and Remizidae is strongly supported.However,the monophyly of Paridae and Aegithalos is rejected. This agrees with previous studies using other molecular markers.Our results suggest the promotion of the subgenus Machlolophus from genus Parus to a separate genus.The phylogeny of Aegithalos is robust in the current study. However,by considering differences of both morphological and molecular characters within species,we conclude that more data are needed to define their phylogeny.Based on the patterns of taxonomic diversity and endemism,we suggest the southwestern mountain ranges of China might be the center of origin of the Aegithalos species.Divergence time estimates for the long-tailed tits range from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene(from 5.5 to 0.1 Mya)using a calibration of 2% divergence per million years. In a comparative sense,we found a congruent genetic differentiation among sympatric distribution taxa.