道德哲学要求与经济理性考量之应然关系的法哲学证成——从孟德斯鸠论中国的奢侈问题谈起

Legal Philosophy Aimed at the Necessary Relation between Moral and Philosophical Requirements and Economic Rational Consideration——A Look from the Luxury in China in the Spirit of Laws by Montesquieu

孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》第一卷第七章第六节中论述"中国的奢侈"问题时,认为中国各个皇帝们所实施的道德性措施实际上具有理性经济考量的特质。对于其中反映出的道德哲学要求与经济理性考量的应然关系问题,传统理论的论证虽然有合理之处,但严格来讲也具有极大的不足。法律哲学的历史恰就是以道德哲学为基础的法律观与以经济理性为标准的法律观的互动史,因而通过法哲学中介并证成道德哲学要求与经济理性考量之间的应然关系极为便利。从法律哲学发展的最新成果来看,道德哲学要求与经济理性考量之间可以用一种新型关系来说明,当道德哲学要求与经济理性考量化约为"公平"与"效率"的关系时,作为论证中介的法律哲学可以证明,道德哲学要求与经济理性考量完全可以在一定条件下呈现亲和状态,共生于一定的制度性因素中。

Montesquieu discussed the Luxury in China in the Spirit of Laws,believing that rational economic consideration was characteristic of the moral measures implemented every Chinese emperor.As for demonstrating the necessary relation between moral and philosophical requirements and economic rational consideration,traditional theories are inefficient in some aspects.Since the history of legal philosophy is the one that contains the view of law based on moral philosophy interacting with the view of law with economic rationale,it is of great convenience to carry out the above-mentioned study.Developments in philosophy indicate that the moral philosophical requirements can be in agreement with economic rational consideration in certain conditions,and coexist in specific institutional factors.