被害人独立诉讼主体地位的回归

The return of the independent subject status of the victim

原始的刑事自诉模式下,被害人为刑事诉讼的主体之一。但在漫长的中世纪,被害人陷入证人的境地,国家成为唯一的诉讼主体。当代,虽然被害人普遍地被当作刑事诉讼的当事人,但是并不具有独立的诉讼主体地位,所以传统的刑事诉讼结构一直没有被害人的一席之地。现代刑事诉讼制度应当恢复刑事被害人的诉讼主体地位,并设计相应的制度充分保障刑事被害人诉讼主体地位的实现。

In the original pattern of criminal private prosecution,the victim was one of subjects of criminal proceedings.However,the victim was forced to be the witness and the country became the only subject of action in the long Middle Ages.The present age has seen the status of the victim turning into a party of criminal proceedings instead of an independent subject.Modern criminal litigation system is supposed to reestablish the subject status of the victim and devise corresponding mechanism to fully guarantee the realization of it.