我国气候变化对地下水资源影响研究的主要进展

Main Progress of Effect Research of Chinese Climate Changes on Groundwater Resources

为了推动我国关于气候变化对地下水影响的深入研究,列举了关于气候变化对地下水影响的研究方法,包括包气带和含水层环境示踪技术,研究地下水及其沉积物的物理化学指标,地表水-地下水耦合数值模拟技术等;综述了我国华北地区(北京市、滹沱河流域、海河流域、滦河下游地区、黄淮海平原、临汾盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、黄河下游地区、大同盆地、北方岩溶泉域)、西北地区(塔里木下游地区、三工河流域、阿克苏河绿洲、黑河流域、石羊河流域、河西走廊、巴丹吉林沙漠)和东北地区(吉林中部平原地区、三江平原)等典型区域气候变化(气温、降水、蒸发)对地下水水位、补给量与排泄量(泉流量、开采量)、水化学成分、水温、同位素组成的影响;提出了气候变化条件下合理利用和管理地下水资源的若干对策,包括减缓温室效应引起的全球气候变暖对未来地下水资源产生不利影响,定量化研究气候变化和地下水之间的相互关系,应用高新技术开展地下水资源脆弱性的研究,充分利用灌区地下含水层的调蓄作用,通过地表水与地下水的联合利用控制水盐平衡、涵养地下水源,节约农业、工业和生活用水等。

In order to promote deep research of the effect of China's climate changes on groundwater,the paper shows the studied methods of climate changes on groundwater,including the vadose zone and aquifer environment tracer technology,discussing physical and chemical indexes of groundwater and its sediment,surface water-groundwater coupling numerical simulation technologies and so on.Then it summarizes the typical regional climate changes effects on groundwater levels,recharge and discharge,water chemical composition,temperature,isotopic composition.It also puts forward some many countermeasures reasonably using and managing the groundwater resources under the conditions of climate changes,including negative impact of global climate warming on water resources in the future induced by the mitigation of greenhouse,ascertaining the relationship between climate change and groundwater through qualitative and quantitative research,carrying out the groundwater resources vulnerability research by the application of high-tech,making full use of irrigation and storing functions of underground aquifers,using the surface water and groundwater jointly to control water and salt balance and to conserve groundwater,and economizing the agricultural,industrial and domestic water.