现存最详尽﹑准确的元朝疆里总图——清浚《广轮疆里图》略析

Brief Introduction to Guanglun Jiangli Tu,the Most Comprehensive and Accurate Mongol Atlas of China to Date

元代疆域之广袤,历代罕有其匹。然在目前刊行的各种古代地图集中,元代不仅图幅甚少,而且于全国舆地总图几付阙如。不久前,笔者自明代叶盛《水东日记》的嘉靖等版中,发见其卷十七所附元末天台僧人清浚的《广轮疆里图》摹本,并有详略多种图幅。该图既是现存最详尽、准确的元代疆里总图,又是明初《大明混一图》、《混一疆理历代国都之图》等的重要底图;在中国古代地图史上占有一席显要的地位,可补其缺失的、中间而关键的一环。本文在简略交代写作缘起后,即对《广轮疆里图》的编制背景﹑版本保存﹑全图内容及其价值,展开进一步的分析。文末又附录该图可辨正的路﹑州名,并与《元史·地理志》乃至《大元一统志》,进行初步的比较及研究。

The Guang-lun Jiang-li Tu(《广轮疆里图》),a Mongol map of China drawn by a Buddhist monk named Qing-jun(清浚,1328-1392),is an atlas of immense significance in the history of Chinese maps.I have found a copy of it in the Ming's Jiajing edition of Shui-dong Diary(《水东日记》),which was written by Ye Sheng(叶盛,1420-1474).According to Quan-jin(权近),one of the authors of the Hun-yi Jiang-li Li-dai Guo-du zhi Tu(《混一疆理历代国都之图》) published in Korea in 1402,he based his work on two maps,one of which being the Guang-lun Jiang-li Tu,which provided details on the names of places in the Mongol Empire.The Guang-lun Jiang-li Tu is also the most comprehensive and accurate Mongol atlas of China to date.This article looks into the making of such a historically important map,and its various editions,content and significance.Comparison with the Da-Yuan Yi-tong Zhi(《大元一统志》) and the Yuan Shi Dili Zhi(《元史地理志》) is also made at the end.