海洋史与世界史认知体系

Recognition Systems on Maritime History and World History

我们对世界史的认知是过于简单化,分段化,以及欧洲中心化的。为了克服这个问题,我们需要在整个世界的相关性中把握并认知世界史,只有这样,"世界体系论"才有可能成立。然而,"世界体系论"仅仅提出了中心变迁的现象,却没能进一步推敲其变化的动因。基于这一点,我们有必要关注与之密切相关的另外一种世界史——海洋史。世界上的海洋是连为一体的,但是将世界上的海洋看作是一个整体的认知却没有确立多久。因此,我们对海域的认知不断地扩大,而世界史认知体系也是在这个过程中建立的。基于这个观点,我们可以将世界史的建立过程分为以下四个时代:①"地中海"时代;②印度洋时代;③大西洋时代;④太平洋时代。此处的"地中海"不仅仅是指固有名词"地中海(欧洲南部的地中海)",还泛指普通名词的大多数地中海(被陆地包围并分隔的海域)。如此看来,我们对海域的认知,是从以各个被分割的海域("地中海")为单位的认知阶段,扩大到将全世界的海洋视为一个整体的阶段的。而世界史的认知体系正是由于这种认知变化建立而成的。多样的世界史认知体系从某方面来看,是"通过海洋史来提出的体系",期待今后能出现更加具体的论述。

It is very opportunistic,segmental,and Eurocentric to the recognition of world history by Korean people.To overcome these problems,it is necessary to grasp and recognize world history in globally organic relationship,and world system'could be a counterproposal. World system,however,could be only limited to show a phenomenal change about the movement to the center and could not be up to inquiring into the motive of changes.At this point,it is needed to focus on a maritime history which is another powerful counterproposal to be able to grasp world history organically. The sea of world is connected to one world,but the it is not too long time ago to the establishment of the recognition like this.Accordingly,it is concluded to the point of view that the recognition about a sea area has been continuously expanded,and,in this process,the recognition system of organic world history is completed.With this aspect, the establishment process of world history could be divided into four periods;the period of the Mediterranean',the period of the Indian Ocean,the period of the Atlantic, and the period of the Pacific.Among these,the Mediterranean'is the concept to indicate not only the Mediterranean as a proper noun in the southern Europe but also lot of Mediterranean as a common noun to mean' a segmental sea area covered by the land '.With this concept,our recognition of waters could expand from the step of the recognition of segmental sea area unit to the step of the recognition of one world sea,and then consequently,the recognition system of world history could be established. The study proposes'the recognition system of world history by maritime history'as a means of various recognition systems of world history,and also hopes to develop it with more detailed discussion in future.